When we talk of Air Conditioners we normally talk of the cooling type of conditioners. Factually speaking, air conditioners include both cooling and heating. So, when you want to choose the best AC, you first need to decide whether you want cooling only or both cooling and heating. Obviously, ACs that have both cooling and heating are more expensive to purchase as well as to install.
Basic considerations
There are basically 3 types of ACs: Window, Split, Portable. All ACs have 2 major components, compressor and blower. The basic idea is that the compressor should have access to the outside atmosphere so that fresh hot air can be sucked in, cooled and blown into the room. At the same time the stale air in the room is cycled and blown back out into the atmosphere. Along with the compressor and blower, an AC also includes input/output air ducts or pipes and electrical wires.
When you want to choose the best AC it is better to go for copper air ducts rather than other metals as copper is less prone to oxidation/rusting and provides faster cooling. But copper ducts are slightly more expensive than other metals. The AC also requires a pipe to remove the condensation. Otherwise water will drip into your room.
Windows or Package ACs
Window ACs are single-unit machines. One casing contains both the compressor and the blower. Window ACs are pretty heavy units requiring strong support during installation and maintenance. Hence, if there are no windows in your room that can support a heavy machine, or if you want to keep your windows intact, then you may have to cut a hole in your wall to install the AC.
This heavy support is also very important for monthly or quarterly cleaning and maintenance. This is because during maintenance or repairs the main unit needs to be slid out towards the front of the casing. Thus, only a few inches of the casing supports the entire weight of the machine as long as the maintenance work is going on. If the window or wall support for the casing is not strong enough the whole machine will come crashing down. Now, if you can take care of this issue, then Windows ACs are cheaper to purchase and maintain than the other types of ACs.
Split ACs
Split ACs have 2 separate units for the compressor and blower. The compressor is installed outside the room or building while the blower is installed inside the room. There is still some cutting to be done on your wall or window. This is for the input and output air ducts and electrical wires that connect the interior and exterior units. But this cutting is a lot less than in the case of Windows ACs. Normally a single blower connects to a single compressor. But high-capacity compressors may also be connected to multiple blowers in the same room or different rooms.
Installing and maintaining a Split AC is more difficult than Windows ACs in the case of high-rise buildings. Imagine installing a Split AC on the 5th floor of a 10-storey building. The technician has to descend or ascend 5 floors and then have some kind of sitting or standing support. This is required so that he/she can drill holes, mount the brackets, mount the compressor on the brackets, open the compressor unit for cleaning, etc. All of this is both expensive and risky without the proper tools.
A variation of a Split AC is Cassette AC. Here the outside unit remains the same. The inside unit is a flat structure that fits into the false ceiling. This maintains the aesthetics and beauty of your interior decoration. Central air-conditioning, which is available in large offices and 5-star hotels, is basically a variation of Split ACs.
Portable ACs
A Portable AC is like a Windows AC, containing both the compressor and blower in one casing. Hence, it is a lot less heavy. Wheels make it easier to move. The only additional requirement is a hole in your window or wall, through which the ACs vent or exhaust tube can pass. Obviously, this tube exhausts the stale air from the room. If you use the AC in an outdoor or semi-outdoor location, then you don’t need any holes.
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Cooling Capacity
The cooling capacity of an AC is normally expressed in tons or BTU (British Thermal Units). You may have seen descriptions like 1 ton or 1.5 ton. 1 ton is equivalent to 12,000 BTU per hour, 1.5 ton is 18,000 BTU per hour, 2 ton is 24,000 BTU, and so on.
The cooling capacity is dependent on various factors. These include the volume of the room, sun facing walls, normal weather conditions, etc. Hence, these are important factors when you want to choose the best AC. For example, capacity requirements may be less for hilly areas than normal plains. Similarly, requirement may be more for rooms in the top floor, or with walls which bear more of the sun’s direct rays. Here is a very generalized chart of cooling capacities:
| Volume of the room | Capacity (BTU per hour) | Ton |
| Upto 1,000 cu.ft. | 12,000 | 1.0 |
| 1,000-1,500 cu.ft. | 18,000 | 1.5 |
| 1,500-2,000 cu.ft. | 24,000 | 2.0 |
However, it is best to talk to the experts before taking a decision.
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Choose the best AC: Non-Inverter or Fixed Speed AC
When you start your AC you set it at a particular temperature, say 24°C. Let us assume that your room temperature at that point is 30°C. Your AC compressor will continue to work until your room temperature comes down to 22°C. At that point the thermostat in your AC will turn off the compressor. As the compressor goes off, the temperature in your room will start to rise again. When the temperature reaches 26°C the thermostat will turn on the compressor again. Thus, over a period of time, as your room temperature fluctuates between 22°C and 26°C, the compressor in your AC will turn on and off repeatedly.
Now, every time the compressor turns on it draws a lot of electric power. This becomes expensive in the long run. Moreover, the temperature in the room keeps fluctuating over a temperature range. This means that there is uneven cooling of your room. Thus, you feel warm for a few minutes, then you feel cool for a few minutes, and this cycle keeps repeating.
Inverter or Variable Speed AC
However, with the advent of Inverter or Variable Speed ACs, the compressor is never turned off fully. As the temperature goes below the set figure of 24°C, say 23°C, the thermostat reduces the speed of the compressor. Then when the temperature goes up again to 25°C the thermostat increases the speed of the compressor. Thus, even though the starting power consumption is high, the average power consumption over a period of time is much lower as compared to non-Inverter ACs.
Obviously Inverter ACs are more expensive to purchase than non-Inverter ACs. But the long-term savings in electric bills is much higher, more than 40%. Inverter ACs are also much more durable than non-Inverter ACs. This is because there is no frequent starting and stopping. To help you choose the best AC here is a comparison of Inverter and non-Inverter ACs:
| Factor | Inverter | Non-Inverter |
| Room Cooling & Heating | Faster | Slower |
| Room Temperature Fluctuations | Minimum | High |
| Power Consumption | Lower | Higher |
| Purchase Price | Higher | Lower |
| Durability | Higher | Lower |
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Choose the best AC: Star Rating
The Star Rating system denotes the energy efficiency of an AC. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) came up with a star rating system to guide consumers. The system uses a scale of 1 to 5 stars and takes into account 2 main parameters for ACs:
- The cooling capacity of the AC measured in British Thermal Units.
- The Energy Efficiency Rating (EER). This is the amount of cooling provided by the AC for a certain amount of power.
Thus a 5-Star AC will cool your room faster and more efficiently than a 4-Star AC given the same amount of electricity. This also means that you will be saving more in terms of electric bills with a 5-Star AC than a 4-Star AC. Ideally, to choose the best AC, it should be at least 3-Star.
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Choose the best AC: Additional Factors to consider
Filters are a very important part of the AC. Remember when you are using the AC your room is cut off from the normal environment. This could lead to various kinds of unwanted circumstances such as humidity and growth of bacteria. So, when you choose the best AC, you will want to check whether it has an efficient dehumidifier and anti-bacterial filter.
A dust filter and auto cleaning are also important considerations. Obviously, your AC will need servicing once a month or once a quarter. But, for the periods in between dust filters and auto cleaning mechanisms are desirable. This is so that you do not suffer any ill effects of dust, pollution, etc.
Nowadays, most ACs have these filters in-built. But, it is still safe to ask and read the brochure and online reviews before finalizing your decision.
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Anando Banerjee has been providing different types of services, as an employee and thereafter as a self-employed professional, to clients in multiple industries in various countries of the world since 1984. He has an MBA in Healthcare Management.